The five from the Sun
Five upagrahas are found by simple steps from the longitude of the Sun. Dhuma lies 133 degrees 20 minutes ahead of the Sun. Vyatipata is found by taking Dhuma away from 360 degrees, Parivesha by adding 180 degrees to Vyatipata, and Indrachapa by taking Parivesha away from 360 degrees. Upaketu lies 16 degrees 40 minutes ahead of Indrachapa, which is the same as thirty degrees behind the Sun. They are shown in the chart as points like the planets.
Gulika and the day parts
The others belong to the eight parts into which the day, and the night, are divided. Each weekday gives one part to one of these upagrahas, and the rising point of the zodiac at the start of that part is the position of the upagraha. Gulika, also called Mandi, is the best known: the part of Saturn. Many astrologers treat Gulika in a chart like a malefic, and its time of the day is the Gulika Kalam avoided for starting new work.
The dosha and how it is read
An upagraha is said to cause dosha when it falls in the lagna or in a house of the family, children, health or marriage, or when it joins a planet or a lord of those houses. Readings differ between schools, and not every astrologer uses the upagrahas at all. Where they are used, the remedies are the usual ones, prayer and charity for the graha that rules the upagraha, rather than anything special. A chart should be read as a whole by a qualified astrologer, since one point alone does not decide a life.