# Dainika Panchang, 30 November 2026 > Hindu panchang for 30 November 2026: tithi, nakshatra, yoga, karana, sunrise and sunset, Rahu Kaal and the day's auspicious muhurats for your location. Source: https://www.hinducalendar.today/dainika-panchang/2026-11-30 Krishna Paksha Saptami • 63% Illum. Waning Gibbous Daily Panchang 22, Kartika Krishna Paksha, [Saptami](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/tithi/daily/krishna-saptami-date-time) 2083 Gujarati Samvat 30 November 2026 Monday Festivals & Vratas: Kalashtami Masik Krishna Janmashtami Ganda Moola Bhadra Chaturmasa Period ∞ Yoga: Indra ✦ Ravi Yoga Siddha Yoga Drik Siddhanta Ganita Calculations ## The Five Limbs ### Tithi [Saptami](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/tithi/daily/krishna-saptami-date-time) Ends at 12:12 AM, Dec 1 Next: Ashtami ### Nakshatra [Ashlesha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/ashlesha-nakshatra-date-time) Ends at 09:42 AM Next: Magha ### Yoga [Indra](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/indra-yoga-date-time) Ends at 02:26 PM Next: Vaidhriti ### Karana [Vishti (Bhadra)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/karana/vishti?date=2026-11-30) Ends at 12:54 PM Next: Bava ### Vara Monday Weekday (Moon (Chandra)) Ruler: Moon (Chandra) ## 24-Hour Progression (Sunrise to Sunrise) Local Solar Day 06:37 AM (Sunrise) 12:00 05:28 PM (Sunset) 00:00 06:38 AM, Dec 1 (Next Sunrise) Tithi Saptami (Ends at 12:12 AM, Dec 1) Ashtami Nakshatra Ashlesha (09:42 AM) Magha Yoga Indra (Ends at 02:26 PM) Vaidhriti Karana Vishti (Bhadra) (Ends at 12:54 PM) Bava (Ends at 12:12 AM, Dec 1) Balava ## Surya & Chandra ### Sun (Surya) Sunrise 06:37 AM Sunset 05:28 PM **Sun Sign:** Scorpio (Vrischika) **Day Length (Dinamana):** 10h 50m **Madhyahna (Solar Noon):** 12:03 PM ### Moon (Chandra) Moonrise 11:35 PM Moonset 11:49 AM **Moon Sign:** Cancer (Karka) **Night Length (Ratrimana):** 13h 9m ## Detailed Panchanga Krishna Paksha Tithi [Saptami](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/tithi/daily/krishna-saptami-date-time) Ends at 12:12 AM, Dec 1 • Next: [Ashtami](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/tithi/daily/krishna-ashtami-date-time) [Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga) [Indra](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/indra-yoga-date-time) Ends at 02:26 PM • Next: [Vaidhriti](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/vaidhriti-yoga-date-time) Weekday Monday Month (Amavasyant) Kartika [Nakshatra](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra) [Ashlesha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/ashlesha-nakshatra-date-time) Ends at 09:42 AM • Next: [Magha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/magha-nakshatra-date-time) Karana [Vishti (Bhadra)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/karana/vishti?date=2026-11-30) (12:54 PM) [Bava](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/karana/bava?date=2026-11-30) (12:12 AM, Dec 1) [Balava](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/karana/balava?date=2026-11-30) (Full Night) Paksha Krishna Paksha (Dark Fortnight) Month (Purnimant) Margashirsha ## Rashi & Nakshatra Details Surya Nakshatra: [Anuradha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/anuradha?date=2026-11-30) (Pada 4) Moon Sign [Cancer (Karka)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/karka?date=2026-11-30) (till 09:42 AM) → [Leo (Simha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/simha?date=2026-11-30) (from 09:42 AM) Sun Sign [Scorpio (Vrischika)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/vrischika?date=2026-11-30) • Nirayana System Surya Nakshatra [Anuradha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/anuradha?date=2026-11-30) Pada 4 Nakshatra Padas [Ashlesha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/ashlesha-nakshatra-date-time) (Pada 4) 09:42 AM [Magha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/magha-nakshatra-date-time) (Pada 1) 03:28 PM [Magha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/magha-nakshatra-date-time) (Pada 2) 09:16 PM [Magha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/magha-nakshatra-date-time) (Pada 3) 03:07 AM, Dec 1 [Magha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/daily/magha-nakshatra-date-time) (Pada 4) Cont. Sun Longitude: **223.59°** Moon Longitude: **118.22°** ## Lunar Month, Samvat and Brihaspati Samvatsara VS 2083 · Shaka 1948 Vikram Samvat 2083 [Siddharthi](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/samvatsara/siddharthi?date=2026-11-30) Shaka Samvat 1948 [Parabhava](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/samvatsara/parabhava?date=2026-11-30) Gujarati Samvat 2083 [Kalayukta](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/samvatsara/kalayukta?date=2026-11-30) Pravishte / Gate 15 (Solar Month Day) Brihaspati Samvat [Raudra](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/samvatsara/raudra?date=2026-11-30) upto 03:42 PM, Tuesday, 21 April 2026 Next Samvat [Durmati](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/samvatsara/durmati?date=2026-11-30) (Upcoming Jovian Year) Chandramasa Margashirsha (Purnimanta) • Kartika (Amanta) Cycle Type Barhaspatya 60-Year Cycle (North & South Tradition) ## Auspicious Timings 16 Timings 10 Active Primary Solar Muhurats (8) 8 Active - Brahma Muhurat 04:52 AM – 05:45 AM - Pratah Sandhya 05:19 AM – 06:38 AM - [Abhijit Muhurat](https://www.hinducalendar.today/muhurat/abhijit-muhurat) 11:41 AM – 12:25 PM - Vijaya Muhurta 01:52 PM – 02:35 PM - Godhuli Muhurta 05:29 PM – 05:55 PM - Sayahna Sandhya 05:29 PM – 06:48 PM - Amrit Kalam 01:14 AM – 02:47 AM, Dec 1 - Nishita Muhurta 11:37 PM – 12:30 AM, Dec 1 Auspicious Yogas (8) 2 Active - [Sarvartha Siddhi](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/sarvarthasiddhi-yoga-date-time) None - [Amrita Siddhi](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/amritsiddhi-yoga-date-time) None - [Ravi Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/ravi-yoga-date-time) 06:37 AM – 09:42 AM - [Pushya Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/gurupushya-yoga-date-time) None - [Dwipushkar Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/dwipushkar-yoga-date-time) None - [Tripushkar Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/tripushkar-yoga-date-time) None - [Siddha Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/tamilsiddha-yoga-date-time) 06:37 AM – 09:42 AM - [Amrita Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/tamilamrita-yoga-date-time) None ✨ **Auspicious Timings Guide:** Brahma Muhurat, Abhijit, and Amrit Kalam are traditionally chosen for launching ventures, travel, and auspicious ceremonies. ## Inauspicious Periods 19 Periods 9 Active Negative Periods & Doshas (10) 8 Active - [Rahu Kalam](https://www.hinducalendar.today/muhurat/rahu-kaal) 07:59 AM – 09:20 AM - Yamaganda 10:42 AM – 12:03 PM - Gulika Kalam 01:25 PM – 02:46 PM - Dur Muhurtam 12:25 PM – 01:08 PM - Varjyam 09:21 PM – 10:54 PM - Baana Dosha Roga - Bhadra (Vishti) 06:37 AM – 12:54 PM - Vinchudo None - Panchak None - [Aadal Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/aadal-yoga-date-time) 06:37 AM – 09:42 AM Inauspicious Yogas (9) 1 Active - [Vidaal Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/vidaal-yoga-date-time) None - [Dagdha Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/dagdha-yoga-date-time) None - [Krakacha Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/krakacha-yoga-date-time) None - [Visha Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/visha-yoga-date-time) None - [Hutasana Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/hutasana-yoga-date-time) None - [Samvartaka Yoga](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/samvartaka-yoga-date-time) None - [Vaidhriti](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/vaidhriti-yoga-date-time) 02:26 PM – 06:38 AM, Dec 1 - [Vyatipata](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/vyatipata-yoga-date-time) None - [Parigha (1st Half)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/yoga/parigha-yoga-date-time) None 💡 **Traditional Guidance:** Important undertakings, financial investments, and major travel are traditionally avoided during Rahu Kalam and Yamaganda. ## Ritu & Ayana Sharad (Autumn) Drik Ayana Dakshinayana Drik Ritu Sharad (Autumn) Netram Two Eyes (Highly Auspicious) Vedic Ayana Dakshinayana Vedic Ritu Sharad (Autumn) Jeeva 0.5 (Half Life - Moderate) ## Nivas, Shoola & Alignments Panchaka Rahita: Auspicious Chandra Nivasa North (Uttara) (upto 09:42 AM) → East (Purva) Agnivasa Akasha / Sky (Inauspicious) (Ends at 12:12 AM, Dec 1) → Patala (Inauspicious) Disha Shoola East (Purva) (Consume ghee before travel) Shivavasa Shmashana (Cremation Ground) (Ends at 12:12 AM, Dec 1) → Gowri (With Gowri) Rahu Vasa North-West Homahuti Guru Kumbha Chakra West Panchaka Rahita Auspicious ## Mantri Mandala (Council of Planets) Raja (King) Jupiter (Guru) Mantri (Minister) Mars (Mangala) Senapati (Commander) Moon (Chandra) Sasyadhipati (Summer Crops) Jupiter (Guru) Dhanyadhipati (Winter Grains) Mercury (Budha) Dhanadhipati (Finance & Treasury) Jupiter (Guru) Meghadhipati (Clouds & Rain) Moon (Chandra) Rasadhipati (Liquids & Oils) Saturn (Shani) Nirasadhipati (Metals & Minerals) Jupiter (Guru) Phaladhipati (Fruits) Moon (Chandra) ## Chandrabalam • Favorable Rashis for the day: 6 Favorable 1 Ashtama Chandra (Avoid starting new tasks) [Aries (Mesha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/mesha?date=2026-11-30) Unfavorable [Taurus (Vrishabha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/vrishabha?date=2026-11-30) Favorable [Gemini (Mithuna)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/mithuna?date=2026-11-30) Unfavorable [Cancer (Karka)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/karka?date=2026-11-30) Favorable [Leo (Simha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/simha?date=2026-11-30) Unfavorable [Virgo (Kanya)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/kanya?date=2026-11-30) Favorable [Libra (Tula)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/tula?date=2026-11-30) Favorable [Scorpio (Vrischika)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/vrischika?date=2026-11-30) Unfavorable [Sagittarius (Dhanu)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/dhanu?date=2026-11-30) Ashtama Chandra (Avoid starting new tasks) [Capricorn (Makara)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/makara?date=2026-11-30) Favorable [Aquarius (Kumbha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/kumbha?date=2026-11-30) Favorable [Pisces (Meena)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/meena?date=2026-11-30) Unfavorable ## Tarabalam • Favorable Nakshatras for the day: 15 Favorable 12 Unfavorable [Ashwini](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/ashwini?date=2026-11-30) Parama Mitra (Greatest Friend / Supreme Support) Favorable [Bharani](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/bharani?date=2026-11-30) Mitra (Friendly & Favorable) Favorable [Krittika](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/krittika?date=2026-11-30) Naidhana (Severe destruction / Loss) Unfavorable [Rohini](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/rohini?date=2026-11-30) Sadhana (Success in efforts) Favorable [Mrigashira](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/mrigashira?date=2026-11-30) Pratyak (Obstacles in work) Unfavorable [Ardra](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/ardhra?date=2026-11-30) Kshema (Well-being & Safety) Favorable [Punarvasu](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/punarvasu?date=2026-11-30) Vipat (Danger / Obstacles) Unfavorable [Pushya](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/pushya?date=2026-11-30) Sampat (Wealth & Prosperity) Favorable [Ashlesha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/ashlesha?date=2026-11-30) Janma (Body / Self) Unfavorable [Magha](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/nakshatra/magha?date=2026-11-30) Parama Mitra (Greatest Friend / Supreme Support) Favorable ## Panchaka Rahita Intervals 5 Auspicious 8 Inauspicious 06:37 AM – 07:54 AM Chora Panchaka (Risk of theft/loss) 07:54 AM – 10:00 AM Chora Panchaka (Risk of theft/loss) 10:00 AM – 11:46 AM Roga Panchaka (Health concern) 11:46 AM – 01:20 PM Subha Panchaka (Auspicious) 01:20 PM – 02:51 PM Mrityu Panchaka (Severe danger) 02:51 PM – 04:31 PM Roga Panchaka (Health concern) 04:31 PM – 06:30 PM Subha Panchaka (Auspicious) 06:30 PM – 08:43 PM Mrityu Panchaka (Severe danger) 08:43 PM – 10:59 PM Agni Panchaka (Fire hazard) 10:59 PM – 01:10 AM, Dec 1 Raja Panchaka (Success & Honor) 01:10 AM – 03:20 AM, Dec 1 Chora Panchaka (Risk of theft/loss) 03:20 AM – 05:35 AM, Dec 1 Subha Panchaka (Auspicious) 05:35 AM – 06:38 AM, Dec 1 Subha Panchaka (Auspicious) — — ## Udaya Lagna Timings 12 Rashis [Scorpio (Vrischika)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/vrischika?date=2026-11-30) 06:37 AM – 07:54 AM [Sagittarius (Dhanu)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/dhanu?date=2026-11-30) 07:54 AM – 10:00 AM [Capricorn (Makara)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/makara?date=2026-11-30) 10:00 AM – 11:46 AM [Aquarius (Kumbha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/kumbha?date=2026-11-30) 11:46 AM – 01:20 PM [Pisces (Meena)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/meena?date=2026-11-30) 01:20 PM – 02:51 PM [Aries (Mesha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/mesha?date=2026-11-30) 02:51 PM – 04:31 PM [Taurus (Vrishabha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/vrishabha?date=2026-11-30) 04:31 PM – 06:30 PM [Gemini (Mithuna)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/mithuna?date=2026-11-30) 06:30 PM – 08:43 PM [Cancer (Karka)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/karka?date=2026-11-30) 08:43 PM – 10:59 PM [Leo (Simha)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/simha?date=2026-11-30) 10:59 PM – 01:10 AM, Dec 1 [Virgo (Kanya)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/kanya?date=2026-11-30) 01:10 AM – 03:20 AM, Dec 1 [Libra (Tula)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/tula?date=2026-11-30) 03:20 AM – 05:35 AM, Dec 1 [Scorpio (Vrischika)](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang/rashi/vrischika?date=2026-11-30) 05:35 AM – 06:38 AM, Dec 1 — — ## Other Calendars & Epoch 3 Domains • 9 Parameters Vedic Chronology Kali Yuga Year 5127 Kali Ahargana 1872909 Lahiri Ayanamsha 24.232184° Astronomical Counts Julian Day 2461374 Modified Julian Day 61374 Rata Die (RD) 739950 National & Julian Dates National Date 9 Margashirsha, 1948 Nirayana Date 10 Bhadrapada, 1948 Julian Date November 17, 2026 CE ## Festivals, Vrats & Rituals 5 Day Festivals & Events ### Kalashtami Major Festival Auspicious celebration and sacred observance of Kalashtami bringing families and communities together in devotion. Significance Every traditional festival carries a profound timeless message—reminding us of the interconnectedness of all life, the cycles of nature, and the ultimate triumph of goodness, gratitude, and moral integrity. Participating in Kalashtami rejuvenates the spirit, alleviates daily stresses, and passes down cherished cultural values and sacred wisdom to future generations. Rituals & Observances - ✦ Early morning purification bath and wearing clean, festive traditional attire. - ✦ Illuminating the home shrine with ghee lamps and offering fresh fragrant flowers. - ✦ Performing traditional prayers and chanting uplifting hymns and stotras. - ✦ Preparing and sharing delicious festive meals and consecrated prasad with neighbors and the needy. - ✦ Expressing gratitude for health, family unity, and prosperity. ### Masik Krishna Janmashtami Major Festival Grand annual celebration of the divine appearance of Bhagavan Shri Krishna, the eighth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Deity Lord Shri Krishna (Bhagavan Vasudeva / Yogeshwara) Significance Krishna Janmashtami carries profound spiritual, philosophical, and cultural significance for humanity: 1. Restoration of Dharma: Lord Krishna’s incarnation embodies the immortal promise of the Bhagavad Gita (4.7-8) that whenever righteousness declines and unrighteousness rises, the Divine descends to protect the virtuous and re-establish truth. 2. The Path of Karma Yoga: Lord Krishna’s teachings impart the eternal wisdom of selfless action—performing one's sacred duty with devotion without attachment to selfish rewards. 3. Purification and Liberation: In the Shrimad Bhagavatam and Padma Purana, observing the Janmashtami fast with pure devotion is declared to dissolve lifetimes of accumulated karmas, bestow mental clarity, grant progeny to the childless, and awaken divine love (Prema Bhakti) in the heart. Rituals & Observances - ✦ Midnight Janmotsav Aarti at 12:00 AM with conch and bell chimes. - ✦ Panchamrit Abhisheka with 108 Shaligram or Laddu Gopal darshan. - ✦ Rocking Bal Gopal in decorated cradles (Jhula Darshan). ### Ganda Moola Major Festival Auspicious celebration and sacred observance of Ganda Moola bringing families and communities together in devotion. Significance Every traditional festival carries a profound timeless message—reminding us of the interconnectedness of all life, the cycles of nature, and the ultimate triumph of goodness, gratitude, and moral integrity. Participating in Ganda Moola rejuvenates the spirit, alleviates daily stresses, and passes down cherished cultural values and sacred wisdom to future generations. Rituals & Observances - ✦ Early morning purification bath and wearing clean, festive traditional attire. - ✦ Illuminating the home shrine with ghee lamps and offering fresh fragrant flowers. - ✦ Performing traditional prayers and chanting uplifting hymns and stotras. - ✦ Preparing and sharing delicious festive meals and consecrated prasad with neighbors and the needy. - ✦ Expressing gratitude for health, family unity, and prosperity. ### Bhadra Major Festival Auspicious celebration and sacred observance of Bhadra bringing families and communities together in devotion. Significance Every traditional festival carries a profound timeless message—reminding us of the interconnectedness of all life, the cycles of nature, and the ultimate triumph of goodness, gratitude, and moral integrity. Participating in Bhadra rejuvenates the spirit, alleviates daily stresses, and passes down cherished cultural values and sacred wisdom to future generations. Rituals & Observances - ✦ Early morning purification bath and wearing clean, festive traditional attire. - ✦ Illuminating the home shrine with ghee lamps and offering fresh fragrant flowers. - ✦ Performing traditional prayers and chanting uplifting hymns and stotras. - ✦ Preparing and sharing delicious festive meals and consecrated prasad with neighbors and the needy. - ✦ Expressing gratitude for health, family unity, and prosperity. ### Chaturmasa Period Major Festival Auspicious celebration and sacred observance of Chaturmasa Period bringing families and communities together in devotion. Significance Every traditional festival carries a profound timeless message—reminding us of the interconnectedness of all life, the cycles of nature, and the ultimate triumph of goodness, gratitude, and moral integrity. Participating in Chaturmasa Period rejuvenates the spirit, alleviates daily stresses, and passes down cherished cultural values and sacred wisdom to future generations. Rituals & Observances - ✦ Early morning purification bath and wearing clean, festive traditional attire. - ✦ Illuminating the home shrine with ghee lamps and offering fresh fragrant flowers. - ✦ Performing traditional prayers and chanting uplifting hymns and stotras. - ✦ Preparing and sharing delicious festive meals and consecrated prasad with neighbors and the needy. - ✦ Expressing gratitude for health, family unity, and prosperity. ## About The Five Limbs & Dainika Panchanga 5 Limbs A Panchanga is an ancient Vedic calendar and almanac that follows traditional units of timekeeping, presenting astronomical calculations in a precise mathematical form. 'Dainika' means daily. ### Tithi 1 The lunar day representing the angular distance between the Sun and Moon (each 12°). Crucial for determining fasts, festivals, and sacred rites. ### Nakshatra 2 The lunar mansion occupied by the Moon in the sidereal zodiac (13° 20' each). It deeply influences mental inclinations and day energy. ### Yoga 3 The sum of the longitudes of the Sun and Moon divided into 27 segments. Reflects the subtle prevailing mood and harmony of the day. ### Karana 4 Half a Tithi (6° angular difference). Used for fine-grained selection of Muhuratas for specific commercial, domestic, and spiritual tasks. ### Vara 5 The weekday ruled by a planetary lord, establishing the foundational energetic principle of the 24-hour cycle from sunrise to next sunrise. ## Discover More [Browse by Month View full lunar & solar monthly layouts with all vrats. View All →](https://www.hinducalendar.today/calendar)[Panchang Knowledge Hub Learn about all 30 Tithis, 27 Nakshatras, Yogas, and Karanas. View All →](https://www.hinducalendar.today/panchang)[Regional Calendars Gujarati, Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, and ISKCON systems. View All →](https://www.hinducalendar.today/calendar)